Zusammenfassung
Die Evozierten Potenziale haben neben der Kernspintomographie und Liquordiagnostik
wesentliche Bedeutung in der apparativen Zusatzdiagnostik der Multiplen Sklerose (MS).
Die Wertigkeit der klinisch neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen liegt, additiv und
nicht kompetitiv zu den anderen diagnostischen Maßnahmen, in der funktionellen Beurteilung
der verschiedenen sensorischen Systeme (VEP, SEP, AEP) bzw. der motorischen Efferenz
(MEP). Die operationale Diagnose einer MS fordert den Nachweis räumlich multipler
Schädigungen („multiplicity in space”) bei der Erstdiagnosestellung bzw. im Verlauf
der Erkrankung („multiplicity in time”). Die evozierten Potenziale können klinisch
„stumme” Läsionen aufdecken und klinische Symptome objektivieren. Verlängerte Latenzen
entstehen durch eine Demyelinisierung und sind deshalb typische Befunde bei einer
MS. Die vorliegende Übersicht beleuchtet die Bedeutung der Evozierten Potenziale in
der MS-Diagnostik, schärft die klinische Fragestellung an die Untersuchung, weist
auf besondere Aspekte der einzelnen Modalitäten bei der MS hin und zeigt neben typischen
Befundkonstellationen Möglichkeiten der Fehlinterpretation.
Abstract
Evoked potentials (EPs) are beside MR-tomography and the analysis of the cerebrospinal
fluid of importance as a technical diagnostic tool in multiple sclerosis (MS). The
meaning of the neurophysiological examinations is complementary and not competitive
to the other diagnostic instruments due to their capability of a functional evaluation
of the different sensory afferent systems (VEPs, SEPs, AEPs) and of the motor efference
(MEPs). The neurophysiological confirmation of the operational diagnosis of a multiple
sclerosis requires the proof of spatially disseminated lesions of the CNS at the begin
(„multiplicity in space”) and in the course of the disease („multiplicity in time”).
Evoked Potentials are able to reveal „silent” lesions and to verify clinical symptoms.
Delayed latencies induced by demyelinisation are the typical finding in MS. The current
review elaborates the meaning of evoked potentials in MS-diagnosis, sharpens the clinical
questions which can be addressed with this method, points to special aspects of the
single modalities and shows beside typical constellations some pitfalls.
Key words
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - visual evoked potentials (VEP) - somatosensory evoked potentials
(SEP) - auditory evoked potentials (AEP) - motor evoked potentials (MEP)
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. R. Gobbelé
Neurologische Klinik · Universitätsklinik Aachen
Pauwelsstraße 30
52074 Aachen
Email: rgobbele@ukaachen.de